Natural surface massives cannot be compacted in layers. Compaction must span through many metres in depth. Many methods and means are used to achieve the given aim:
- Soil deep and mass stabilisation through adding binder (and soil)
- Deep compaction (dynamic consolidation using heavy rammers, explosives, soil compaction through deep vibration or by constructing vibro piles)
- Compaction with a static load (pre- and overloading, speeding consolidation by installing vertical drainage)
- Gravel and stone pile construction
- Soil injection
- Electro-chemical stabilisation
- Thermoprocessing (freezing / heating)
- Geosynthetic reinforcement